What are the 4 typical RPE changes in Dry AMD?

The correct option highlights the typical retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes associated with Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment refers to the accumulation of drusen that can elevate the RPE, indicating a dysfunction in the normal interplay between retinal layers.

Focal hyperpigmentation indicates localized areas where pigmented cells of the RPE may become more concentrated, which is a characteristic adaptation in some forms of AMD. Focal pigmentary atrophy is another significant change; it denotes localized areas where the RPE cells have degenerated or become atrophied, leading to visual distortions. Geographic atrophy represents a more advanced stage of Dry AMD, where there is a more extensive and irregular area of RPE loss, which is a critical feature in the progression of the disease.

These RPE changes are integral to understanding the pathophysiology of Dry AMD as they relate to tissue function, visual acuity decline, and disease monitoring. The other options include various elements that are either not specific to Dry AMD or represent changes associated with different retinal conditions, which is why they do not align with the main characteristics observed in this particular form of degeneration.