What demographic is most likely to experience toxic retinopathies as a differential of dry non-neovascular AMD?

Toxic retinopathies are conditions that can lead to retinal damage due to exposure to certain substances, including some medications and recreational drugs. Individuals with a history of substance use are particularly at risk because they may have been exposed to harmful agents that can adversely affect the retina. Substances like hydroxychloroquine and certain recreational drugs can lead to visual disturbances and retinal toxicity, manifesting in a way that can be confused with dry non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

While older women and individuals with diabetes are common demographics for various retinal issues, including AMD, these populations are less associated with toxic retinopathies specifically. Young males, while they can be affected by such conditions, do not represent the broader demographic trend seen with toxic retinopathies. Thus, individuals with a history of substance use stand out as the group most likely to experience these toxic effects that can mimic or complicate the presentation of dry AMD.