What effect does hypertension have on AMD risk?

Hypertension is recognized as a significant risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This connection is largely attributed to the adverse effects that high blood pressure has on blood vessels, which can lead to a range of ocular complications, including choroidal neovascularization (CNV), a key pathological process in wet AMD.

Chronic hypertension can cause damage to the inner retinal layers and the choroidal circulation, leading to ischemia and subsequent inflammation that can contribute to the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Additionally, individuals with hypertension may exhibit a higher incidence of other systemic conditions that exacerbate AMD risk, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

When considering the question, the association between hypertension and an increased risk of AMD underscores the importance of managing blood pressure not only for cardiovascular health but also for the preservation of vision in aging populations. Addressing hypertension through lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy can be a vital part of a comprehensive approach to reducing the risk of AMD.