What is considered the most common autosomal dominant macular dystrophy?

Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy is recognized as the most common autosomal dominant macular dystrophy. This condition typically presents in childhood or early adulthood and is characterized by the accumulation of lipofuscin within the retinal pigment epithelium. This accumulation leads to the formation of a yellowish, vitelliform lesion in the macula, which can affect vision over time. The genetic basis of Best's disease is linked to mutations in the BEST1 gene, which encodes a protein involved in the normal functioning of retinal pigment epithelial cells.

In contrast, while Stargardt disease, choroideremia, and retinitis pigmentosa are significant retinal disorders, they do not follow the same autosomal dominant inheritance pattern as Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy. Stargardt disease is primarily an autosomal recessive condition, choroideremia is X-linked, and retinitis pigmentosa can exhibit both autosomal dominant and recessive forms, making them less representative of pure autosomal dominant macular dystrophies.