What off-label medication is used for ophthalmic anti-angiogenesis?

Bevacizumab (Avastin) is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and is commonly used off-label for the treatment of various ophthalmic conditions, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other causes of choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

The use of bevacizumab in ophthalmology is based on its ability to reduce abnormal blood vessel growth and permeability, which are hallmark features that contribute to vision loss in these conditions. While it is primarily approved for systemic cancers, its effectiveness in the eye led to its adoption for treating retinal diseases, despite it not having specific FDA approval for this use.

Ophthalmologists favor its use because it is often more cost-effective compared to other anti-VEGF therapies that have specific indications for ocular conditions. While other medications, such as ranibizumab (Lucentis) and pegaptanib (Macugen), are specifically made for intravitreal injection in eye diseases, ranibizumab is technically not considered "off-label" in the context of AMD treatment, as it has FDA approval for this purpose. Therefore, in the context of the question regarding off-label use, bevacizumab stands out as